clip.h file

Clip-space projections, look-at / look-from, viewport, and world ↔ window helpers.

Functions

auto mat4_ortho(vm_float_t left, vm_float_t right, vm_float_t bottom, vm_float_t top, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far) -> matrix4: Constructs an orthographic projection matrix.
auto mat4_look_at(vector3 position, vector3 target, vector3 up) -> matrix4: Constructs a view matrix from eye position, target, and up vector.
auto mat4_perspective(vm_float_t fov, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far) -> matrix4: Constructs a perspective projection matrix.
auto mat4_perspective_fov(vm_float_t fov, vm_float_t w, vm_float_t h, vm_float_t n, vm_float_t f) -> matrix4: Constructs a perspective projection matrix using FOV, width, and height.
auto mat4_perspective_infinite(vm_float_t fov_y, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t n) -> matrix4: Constructs an infinite far-plane perspective projection matrix.
auto mat4_perspective_infinite_clip(vm_float_t fov_y, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t n, vm_clip_t clip) -> matrix4: Infinite-far perspective with an explicit clip convention.
auto mat4_infinite_reverse_z(vm_float_t fov_y, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t n) -> matrix4: Infinite reverse-Z perspective (RH + ZO by default).
auto mat4_infinite_reverse_z_clip(vm_float_t fov_y, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t n, vm_clip_t clip) -> matrix4: Infinite reverse-Z perspective with an explicit clip convention.
auto mat4_perspective_deg(vm_float_t fov_deg, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far) -> matrix4: Constructs a 4x4 perspective projection matrix from vertical field of view in degrees.
auto mat4_perspective_fov_deg(vm_float_t fov_deg, vm_float_t w, vm_float_t h, vm_float_t n, vm_float_t f) -> matrix4: Constructs a 4x4 perspective projection matrix from vertical field of view in degrees.
auto mat4_perspective_infinite_deg(vm_float_t fov_y_deg, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t n) -> matrix4: Constructs a 4x4 infinite perspective projection matrix using vertical field of view in degrees.
auto mat4_perspective_infinite_clip_deg(vm_float_t fov_y_deg, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t n, vm_clip_t clip) -> matrix4: Infinite-far perspective from a FOV in degrees.
auto mat4_infinite_reverse_z_deg(vm_float_t fov_y_deg, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t n) -> matrix4: Infinite reverse-Z perspective from a FOV in degrees.
auto mat4_infinite_reverse_z_clip_deg(vm_float_t fov_y_deg, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t n, vm_clip_t clip) -> matrix4: Infinite reverse-Z perspective (degrees + clip convention).
auto mat4_perspective_clip(vm_float_t fov_y, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far, vm_clip_t clip) -> matrix4: Constructs a 4x4 perspective projection matrix.
auto mat4_perspective_clip_deg(vm_float_t fov_y_deg, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far, vm_clip_t clip) -> matrix4: Perspective projection from a vertical FOV in degrees.
auto mat4_perspective_rh_no(vm_float_t fov_y, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far) -> matrix4: OpenGL-style RH perspective, clip z in [-1, 1].
auto mat4_perspective_rh_zo(vm_float_t fov_y, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far) -> matrix4: Vulkan-style RH perspective, clip z in [0, 1].
auto mat4_perspective_lh_zo(vm_float_t fov_y, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far) -> matrix4: Direct3D-style LH perspective, clip z in [0, 1].
auto mat4_perspective_lh_no(vm_float_t fov_y, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far) -> matrix4: Left-handed perspective, clip z in [-1, 1].
auto mat4_perspective_rh_no_deg(vm_float_t fov_y_deg, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far) -> matrix4: OpenGL-style RH perspective from a FOV in degrees.
auto mat4_perspective_rh_zo_deg(vm_float_t fov_y_deg, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far) -> matrix4: Vulkan-style RH perspective from a FOV in degrees.
auto mat4_perspective_lh_zo_deg(vm_float_t fov_y_deg, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far) -> matrix4: Direct3D-style LH perspective from a FOV in degrees.
auto mat4_perspective_lh_no_deg(vm_float_t fov_y_deg, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far) -> matrix4: Left-handed NO perspective from a FOV in degrees.
auto mat4_ortho_clip(vm_float_t left, vm_float_t right, vm_float_t bottom, vm_float_t top, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far, vm_clip_t clip) -> matrix4: Orthographic projection with an explicit clip convention.
auto mat4_ortho_rh_no(vm_float_t left, vm_float_t right, vm_float_t bottom, vm_float_t top, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far) -> matrix4: OpenGL-style RH orthographic projection.
auto mat4_ortho_rh_zo(vm_float_t left, vm_float_t right, vm_float_t bottom, vm_float_t top, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far) -> matrix4: Vulkan-style RH orthographic projection.
auto mat4_ortho_lh_zo(vm_float_t left, vm_float_t right, vm_float_t bottom, vm_float_t top, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far) -> matrix4: Direct3D-style LH orthographic projection.
auto mat4_ortho_lh_no(vm_float_t left, vm_float_t right, vm_float_t bottom, vm_float_t top, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far) -> matrix4: Left-handed NO orthographic projection.
auto mat4_look_at_clip(vector3 position, vector3 target, vector3 up, vm_clip_t clip) -> matrix4: Look-at view matrix with an explicit clip convention.
auto mat4_look_at_rh(vector3 position, vector3 target, vector3 up) -> matrix4: Right-handed look-at view matrix.
auto mat4_look_at_lh(vector3 position, vector3 target, vector3 up) -> matrix4: Left-handed look-at view matrix.
auto mat4_look_from_dir(vector3 position, vector3 direction, vector3 up) -> matrix4: View matrix from eye position and a look direction.
auto mat4_look_from_dir_clip(vector3 position, vector3 direction, vector3 up, vm_clip_t clip) -> matrix4: Look-from-direction view matrix with an explicit clip convention.
auto mat4_look_from_dir_rh(vector3 position, vector3 direction, vector3 up) -> matrix4: Right-handed look-from-direction view matrix.
auto mat4_look_from_dir_lh(vector3 position, vector3 direction, vector3 up) -> matrix4: Left-handed look-from-direction view matrix.
auto mat4_viewport(vm_float_t x, vm_float_t y, vm_float_t width, vm_float_t height) -> matrix4: Pixel-box viewport matrix (NDC xy/z [-1,1] to window + depth [0,1]).
auto mat4_viewport_depth(vm_float_t x, vm_float_t y, vm_float_t width, vm_float_t height, vm_float_t n, vm_float_t f) -> matrix4: Viewport matrix with an explicit depth range.
auto vec3_world_to_window(vector3 world, matrix4 model, matrix4 projection, vector4 viewport) -> vector3: Projects a world space point to window coordinates.
auto vec3_window_to_world(vector3 window, matrix4 model, matrix4 projection, vector4 viewport) -> vector3: Un-projects a window coordinate back to world space.
auto vec3_world_to_window_clip(vector3 world, matrix4 model, matrix4 projection, vector4 viewport, vm_clip_t clip) -> vector3: Projects a world-space point into window coordinates using model, projection and viewport.
auto vec3_window_to_world_clip(vector3 window, matrix4 model, matrix4 projection, vector4 viewport, vm_clip_t clip) -> vector3: Un-projects a window coordinate using model, projection, viewport and clip space.
void mat4_ortho_ptr(matrix4* res, vm_float_t left, vm_float_t right, vm_float_t bottom, vm_float_t top, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far): Sets the matrix to an orthographic projection matrix.
void mat4_look_at_ptr(matrix4* res, const vector3* position, const vector3* target, const vector3* up): Constructs a view matrix for a camera positioned at the given location, looking towards a target, with a specified up direction.
void mat4_look_from_dir_ptr(matrix4* res, const vector3* position, const vector3* direction, const vector3* up): View matrix from eye position and a look direction (no target point).
void mat4_look_from_dir_clip_ptr(matrix4* res, const vector3* position, const vector3* direction, const vector3* up, vm_clip_t clip): Clip-aware look-from-direction view matrix.
void mat4_viewport_ptr(matrix4* res, vm_float_t x, vm_float_t y, vm_float_t width, vm_float_t height): Viewport matrix from origin (x, y) and size (width, height).
void mat4_viewport_depth_ptr(matrix4* res, vm_float_t x, vm_float_t y, vm_float_t width, vm_float_t height, vm_float_t n, vm_float_t f): Viewport matrix from origin, size, and depth range [n, f].
void mat4_perspective_ptr(matrix4* res, vm_float_t fov, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far): Creates a perspective projection matrix.
void mat4_perspective_fov_ptr(matrix4* res, vm_float_t fov, vm_float_t w, vm_float_t h, vm_float_t n, vm_float_t f): Sets the matrix to a perspective projection matrix.
void mat4_perspective_infinite_ptr(matrix4* res, vm_float_t fov_y, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t n): Sets the matrix to an infinite perspective projection matrix.
void mat4_perspective_infinite_clip_ptr(matrix4* res, vm_float_t fov_y, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t n, vm_clip_t clip): Infinite perspective matrix for a chosen clip convention.
void mat4_infinite_reverse_z_ptr(matrix4* res, vm_float_t fov_y, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t n): Infinite reverse-Z perspective matrix (RH, [0, 1] depth).
void mat4_infinite_reverse_z_clip_ptr(matrix4* res, vm_float_t fov_y, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t n, vm_clip_t clip): Infinite reverse-Z perspective matrix for a chosen clip convention.
void mat4_perspective_clip_ptr(matrix4* res, vm_float_t fov_y, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far, vm_clip_t clip): Constructs a perspective projection matrix with configurable clip space.
void mat4_perspective_deg_ptr(matrix4* res, vm_float_t fov_deg, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far): Sets the matrix to a perspective projection matrix using field of view in degrees.
void mat4_perspective_fov_deg_ptr(matrix4* res, vm_float_t fov_deg, vm_float_t w, vm_float_t h, vm_float_t n, vm_float_t f): Sets the matrix to a perspective projection matrix using vertical field of view in degrees.
void mat4_perspective_infinite_deg_ptr(matrix4* res, vm_float_t fov_y_deg, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t n): Sets the matrix to an infinite perspective projection matrix using vertical field of view in degrees.
void mat4_perspective_infinite_clip_deg_ptr(matrix4* res, vm_float_t fov_y_deg, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t n, vm_clip_t clip): Infinite perspective matrix from FOV in degrees and clip space.
void mat4_infinite_reverse_z_deg_ptr(matrix4* res, vm_float_t fov_y_deg, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t n): Infinite reverse-Z perspective matrix from a vertical FOV in degrees.
void mat4_infinite_reverse_z_clip_deg_ptr(matrix4* res, vm_float_t fov_y_deg, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t n, vm_clip_t clip): Infinite reverse-Z perspective matrix from FOV in degrees and clip space.
void mat4_perspective_clip_deg_ptr(matrix4* res, vm_float_t fov_y_deg, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far, vm_clip_t clip): Sets a perspective projection matrix using vertical field of view in degrees.
void mat4_ortho_clip_ptr(matrix4* res, vm_float_t left, vm_float_t right, vm_float_t bottom, vm_float_t top, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far, vm_clip_t clip): Sets the matrix to an orthographic projection matrix.
void mat4_look_at_clip_ptr(matrix4* res, const vector3* position, const vector3* target, const vector3* up, vm_clip_t clip): Constructs a look-at view matrix with support for different clip space conventions.
void vec3_world_to_window_ptr(vector3* res, const vector3* world, const matrix4* model, const matrix4* projection, const vector4* viewport): Projects a world-space point to window coordinates (OpenGL clip).
void vec3_window_to_world_ptr(vector3* res, const vector3* window, const matrix4* model, const matrix4* projection, const vector4* viewport): Un-projects a window-space point to world coordinates using model, projection, and viewport.
void vec3_world_to_window_clip_ptr(vector3* res, const vector3* world, const matrix4* model, const matrix4* projection, const vector4* viewport, vm_clip_t clip): Projects a world-space point into window coordinates using model, projection, viewport, and clip depth range.
void vec3_window_to_world_clip_ptr(vector3* res, const vector3* window, const matrix4* model, const matrix4* projection, const vector4* viewport, vm_clip_t clip): Un-projects a window-space point to world coordinates using model, projection, viewport, and clip depth range.

Function documentation

matrix4 mat4_ortho(vm_float_t left, vm_float_t right, vm_float_t bottom, vm_float_t top, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far)

Constructs an orthographic projection matrix.

Parameters
left	Left clipping plane.
right	Right clipping plane.
bottom	Bottom clipping plane.
top	Top clipping plane.
near	Near plane distance.
far	Far plane distance.
Returns	The orthographic matrix4.

matrix4 mat4_look_at(vector3 position, vector3 target, vector3 up)

Constructs a view matrix from eye position, target, and up vector.

Parameters
position	Eye position.
target	Target position.
up	Up vector.
Returns	The view matrix4.

matrix4 mat4_perspective(vm_float_t fov, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far)

Constructs a perspective projection matrix.

Parameters
fov	Field of view (radians).
aspect	Aspect ratio (width/height).
near	Near plane distance.
far	Far plane distance.
Returns	The perspective matrix4.

matrix4 mat4_perspective_fov(vm_float_t fov, vm_float_t w, vm_float_t h, vm_float_t n, vm_float_t f)

Constructs a perspective projection matrix using FOV, width, and height.

Parameters
fov	Vertical field of view (radians).
w	Viewport width.
h	Viewport height.
n	Near plane.
f	Far plane.
Returns	The perspective matrix4.

matrix4 mat4_perspective_infinite(vm_float_t fov_y, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t n)

Constructs an infinite far-plane perspective projection matrix.

Parameters
fov_y	Vertical field of view (radians).
aspect	Aspect ratio.
n	Near plane distance.
Returns	The perspective matrix4.

matrix4 mat4_perspective_infinite_clip(vm_float_t fov_y, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t n, vm_clip_t clip)

Infinite-far perspective with an explicit clip convention.

Parameters
fov_y	Vertical field of view in radians.
aspect	Aspect ratio (width / height).
n	Near plane distance.
clip	Clip-space convention.
Returns	Perspective matrix4.

matrix4 mat4_infinite_reverse_z(vm_float_t fov_y, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t n)

Infinite reverse-Z perspective (RH + ZO by default).

Parameters
fov_y	Vertical field of view in radians.
aspect	Aspect ratio (width / height).
n	Near plane distance.
Returns	Perspective matrix4.

matrix4 mat4_infinite_reverse_z_clip(vm_float_t fov_y, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t n, vm_clip_t clip)

Infinite reverse-Z perspective with an explicit clip convention.

Parameters
fov_y	Vertical field of view in radians.
aspect	Aspect ratio (width / height).
n	Near plane distance.
clip	Clip-space convention.
Returns	Perspective matrix4.

matrix4 mat4_perspective_deg(vm_float_t fov_deg, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far)

Constructs a 4x4 perspective projection matrix from vertical field of view in degrees.

Parameters
fov_deg	Vertical field of view angle in degrees.
aspect	Aspect ratio (width / height).
near	Distance to the near clipping plane.
far	Distance to the far clipping plane.
Returns	The perspective projection matrix.

matrix4 mat4_perspective_fov_deg(vm_float_t fov_deg, vm_float_t w, vm_float_t h, vm_float_t n, vm_float_t f)

Constructs a 4x4 perspective projection matrix from vertical field of view in degrees.

Parameters
fov_deg	Vertical field of view in degrees.
w	Width of the viewport.
h	Height of the viewport.
n	Distance to the near clipping plane.
f	Distance to the far clipping plane.
Returns	The perspective matrix4.

matrix4 mat4_perspective_infinite_deg(vm_float_t fov_y_deg, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t n)

Constructs a 4x4 infinite perspective projection matrix using vertical field of view in degrees.

Parameters
fov_y_deg	Vertical field of view angle in degrees.
aspect	Aspect ratio (width / height).
n	Near plane distance.
Returns	The infinite perspective matrix4.

matrix4 mat4_perspective_infinite_clip_deg(vm_float_t fov_y_deg, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t n, vm_clip_t clip)

Infinite-far perspective from a FOV in degrees.

Parameters
fov_y_deg	Vertical field of view in degrees.
aspect	Aspect ratio (width / height).
n	Near plane distance.
clip	Clip-space convention.
Returns	Perspective matrix4.

matrix4 mat4_infinite_reverse_z_deg(vm_float_t fov_y_deg, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t n)

Infinite reverse-Z perspective from a FOV in degrees.

Parameters
fov_y_deg	Vertical field of view in degrees.
aspect	Aspect ratio (width / height).
n	Near plane distance.
Returns	Perspective matrix4.

matrix4 mat4_infinite_reverse_z_clip_deg(vm_float_t fov_y_deg, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t n, vm_clip_t clip)

Infinite reverse-Z perspective (degrees + clip convention).

Parameters
fov_y_deg	Vertical field of view in degrees.
aspect	Aspect ratio (width / height).
n	Near plane distance.
clip	Clip-space convention.
Returns	Perspective matrix4.

matrix4 mat4_perspective_clip(vm_float_t fov_y, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far, vm_clip_t clip)

Constructs a 4x4 perspective projection matrix.

Parameters
fov_y	Vertical field of view in radians.
aspect	Aspect ratio (width / height).
near	Distance to the near clipping plane.
far	Distance to the far clipping plane.
clip	Clip space convention.
Returns	The perspective matrix4.

matrix4 mat4_perspective_clip_deg(vm_float_t fov_y_deg, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far, vm_clip_t clip)

Perspective projection from a vertical FOV in degrees.

Parameters
fov_y_deg	Vertical field of view in degrees.
aspect	Aspect ratio (width / height).
near	Near plane distance.
far	Far plane distance.
clip	Clip-space convention.
Returns	Perspective matrix4.

matrix4 mat4_perspective_rh_no(vm_float_t fov_y, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far)

OpenGL-style RH perspective, clip z in [-1, 1].

Parameters
fov_y	Vertical field of view in radians.
aspect	Aspect ratio (width / height).
near	Near plane distance.
far	Far plane distance.
Returns	Perspective matrix4.

matrix4 mat4_perspective_rh_zo(vm_float_t fov_y, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far)

Vulkan-style RH perspective, clip z in [0, 1].

Parameters
fov_y	Vertical field of view in radians.
aspect	Aspect ratio (width / height).
near	Near plane distance.
far	Far plane distance.
Returns	Perspective matrix4.

matrix4 mat4_perspective_lh_zo(vm_float_t fov_y, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far)

Direct3D-style LH perspective, clip z in [0, 1].

Parameters
fov_y	Vertical field of view in radians.
aspect	Aspect ratio (width / height).
near	Near plane distance.
far	Far plane distance.
Returns	Perspective matrix4.

matrix4 mat4_perspective_lh_no(vm_float_t fov_y, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far)

Left-handed perspective, clip z in [-1, 1].

Parameters
fov_y	Vertical field of view in radians.
aspect	Aspect ratio (width / height).
near	Near plane distance.
far	Far plane distance.
Returns	Perspective matrix4.

matrix4 mat4_perspective_rh_no_deg(vm_float_t fov_y_deg, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far)

OpenGL-style RH perspective from a FOV in degrees.

Parameters
fov_y_deg	Vertical field of view in degrees.
aspect	Aspect ratio (width / height).
near	Near plane distance.
far	Far plane distance.
Returns	Perspective matrix4.

matrix4 mat4_perspective_rh_zo_deg(vm_float_t fov_y_deg, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far)

Vulkan-style RH perspective from a FOV in degrees.

Parameters
fov_y_deg	Vertical field of view in degrees.
aspect	Aspect ratio (width / height).
near	Near plane distance.
far	Far plane distance.
Returns	Perspective matrix4.

matrix4 mat4_perspective_lh_zo_deg(vm_float_t fov_y_deg, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far)

Direct3D-style LH perspective from a FOV in degrees.

Parameters
fov_y_deg	Vertical field of view in degrees.
aspect	Aspect ratio (width / height).
near	Near plane distance.
far	Far plane distance.
Returns	Perspective matrix4.

matrix4 mat4_perspective_lh_no_deg(vm_float_t fov_y_deg, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far)

Left-handed NO perspective from a FOV in degrees.

Parameters
fov_y_deg	Vertical field of view in degrees.
aspect	Aspect ratio (width / height).
near	Near plane distance.
far	Far plane distance.
Returns	Perspective matrix4.

matrix4 mat4_ortho_clip(vm_float_t left, vm_float_t right, vm_float_t bottom, vm_float_t top, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far, vm_clip_t clip)

Orthographic projection with an explicit clip convention.

Parameters
left	Left plane.
right	Right plane.
bottom	Bottom plane.
top	Top plane.
near	Near plane.
far	Far plane.
clip	Clip-space convention.
Returns	Orthographic matrix4.

matrix4 mat4_ortho_rh_no(vm_float_t left, vm_float_t right, vm_float_t bottom, vm_float_t top, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far)

OpenGL-style RH orthographic projection.

Parameters
left	Left plane.
right	Right plane.
bottom	Bottom plane.
top	Top plane.
near	Near plane.
far	Far plane.
Returns	Orthographic matrix4.

matrix4 mat4_ortho_rh_zo(vm_float_t left, vm_float_t right, vm_float_t bottom, vm_float_t top, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far)

Vulkan-style RH orthographic projection.

Parameters
left	Left plane.
right	Right plane.
bottom	Bottom plane.
top	Top plane.
near	Near plane.
far	Far plane.
Returns	Orthographic matrix4.

matrix4 mat4_ortho_lh_zo(vm_float_t left, vm_float_t right, vm_float_t bottom, vm_float_t top, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far)

Direct3D-style LH orthographic projection.

Parameters
left	Left plane.
right	Right plane.
bottom	Bottom plane.
top	Top plane.
near	Near plane.
far	Far plane.
Returns	Orthographic matrix4.

matrix4 mat4_ortho_lh_no(vm_float_t left, vm_float_t right, vm_float_t bottom, vm_float_t top, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far)

Left-handed NO orthographic projection.

Parameters
left	Left plane.
right	Right plane.
bottom	Bottom plane.
top	Top plane.
near	Near plane.
far	Far plane.
Returns	Orthographic matrix4.

matrix4 mat4_look_at_clip(vector3 position, vector3 target, vector3 up, vm_clip_t clip)

Look-at view matrix with an explicit clip convention.

Parameters
position	Eye position.
target	Point the camera looks at.
up	World up direction.
clip	Clip-space convention.
Returns	View matrix4.

matrix4 mat4_look_at_rh(vector3 position, vector3 target, vector3 up)

Right-handed look-at view matrix.

Parameters
position	Eye position.
target	Point the camera looks at.
up	World up direction.
Returns	View matrix4.

matrix4 mat4_look_at_lh(vector3 position, vector3 target, vector3 up)

Left-handed look-at view matrix.

Parameters
position	Eye position.
target	Point the camera looks at.
up	World up direction.
Returns	View matrix4.

matrix4 mat4_look_from_dir(vector3 position, vector3 direction, vector3 up)

View matrix from eye position and a look direction.

Parameters
position	Eye position.
direction	Look direction.
up	World up direction.
Returns	View matrix4.

matrix4 mat4_look_from_dir_clip(vector3 position, vector3 direction, vector3 up, vm_clip_t clip)

Look-from-direction view matrix with an explicit clip convention.

Parameters
position	Eye position.
direction	Look direction.
up	World up direction.
clip	Clip-space convention.
Returns	View matrix4.

matrix4 mat4_look_from_dir_rh(vector3 position, vector3 direction, vector3 up)

Right-handed look-from-direction view matrix.

Parameters
position	Eye position.
direction	Look direction.
up	World up direction.
Returns	View matrix4.

matrix4 mat4_look_from_dir_lh(vector3 position, vector3 direction, vector3 up)

Left-handed look-from-direction view matrix.

Parameters
position	Eye position.
direction	Look direction.
up	World up direction.
Returns	View matrix4.

matrix4 mat4_viewport(vm_float_t x, vm_float_t y, vm_float_t width, vm_float_t height)

Pixel-box viewport matrix (NDC xy/z [-1,1] to window + depth [0,1]).

Parameters
x	Viewport origin X.
y	Viewport origin Y.
width	Viewport width.
height	Viewport height.
Returns	Viewport matrix4.

matrix4 mat4_viewport_depth(vm_float_t x, vm_float_t y, vm_float_t width, vm_float_t height, vm_float_t n, vm_float_t f)

Viewport matrix with an explicit depth range.

Parameters
x	Viewport origin X.
y	Viewport origin Y.
width	Viewport width.
height	Viewport height.
n	Near depth mapped from clip z.
f	Far depth mapped from clip z.
Returns	Viewport matrix4.

vector3 vec3_world_to_window(vector3 world, matrix4 model, matrix4 projection, vector4 viewport)

Projects a world space point to window coordinates.

Parameters
world	World space position to project.
model	Model matrix.
projection	Projection matrix.
viewport	Viewport rectangle (x, y, width, height).
Returns	The projected window space vector3.

vector3 vec3_window_to_world(vector3 window, matrix4 model, matrix4 projection, vector4 viewport)

Un-projects a window coordinate back to world space.

Parameters
window	The window coordinate to un-project.
model	The model matrix.
projection	The projection matrix.
viewport	The viewport (x, y, width, height).
Returns	The unprojected world space vector3.

vector3 vec3_world_to_window_clip(vector3 world, matrix4 model, matrix4 projection, vector4 viewport, vm_clip_t clip)

Projects a world-space point into window coordinates using model, projection and viewport.

Parameters
world	World-space position to project.
model	Model matrix.
projection	Projection matrix.
viewport	Viewport rectangle (x, y, width, height).
clip	Clip-space convention to use.
Returns	The projected window-space coordinates.

vector3 vec3_window_to_world_clip(vector3 window, matrix4 model, matrix4 projection, vector4 viewport, vm_clip_t clip)

Un-projects a window coordinate using model, projection, viewport and clip space.

Parameters
window	The window coordinate to un-project.
model	The model matrix.
projection	The projection matrix.
viewport	The viewport (x, y, width, height).
clip	The clip space convention.
Returns	The unprojected vector3.

void mat4_ortho_ptr(matrix4* res, vm_float_t left, vm_float_t right, vm_float_t bottom, vm_float_t top, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far)

Sets the matrix to an orthographic projection matrix.

Parameters
res	Pointer to the matrix4 to set to the orthographic projection matrix.
left	The left clipping plane coordinate.
right	The right clipping plane coordinate.
bottom	The bottom clipping plane coordinate.
top	The top clipping plane coordinate.
near	The near clipping plane coordinate.
far	The far clipping plane coordinate.

void mat4_look_at_ptr(matrix4* res, const vector3* position, const vector3* target, const vector3* up)

Constructs a view matrix for a camera positioned at the given location, looking towards a target, with a specified up direction.

Parameters
res	Pointer to the matrix4 where the result is stored.
position	Pointer to the vector3 representing the camera's position.
target	Pointer to the vector3 representing the point the camera is looking at.
up	Pointer to the vector3 representing the up direction for the camera.

This function computes a 4x4 view matrix that orients the camera at the position vector, directing it towards the target vector, while aligning the up direction. The matrix is stored in column-major order.

void mat4_look_from_dir_ptr(matrix4* res, const vector3* position, const vector3* direction, const vector3* up)

View matrix from eye position and a look direction (no target point).

Parameters
res	View matrix.
position	Eye position.
direction	Look direction.
up	World up direction.

Equivalent to mat4_look_at(position, position + direction, up) with a default forward if direction is near zero.

void mat4_look_from_dir_clip_ptr(matrix4* res, const vector3* position, const vector3* direction, const vector3* up, vm_clip_t clip)

Clip-aware look-from-direction view matrix.

Parameters
res	View matrix.
position	Eye position.
direction	World-space look direction (need not be unit).
up	World up hint.
clip	Handedness / depth convention.

void mat4_viewport_ptr(matrix4* res, vm_float_t x, vm_float_t y, vm_float_t width, vm_float_t height)

Viewport matrix from origin (x, y) and size (width, height).

Parameters
res	Output 4×4 matrix.
x	Viewport origin x.
y	Viewport origin y.
width	Viewport width.
height	Viewport height.

Maps NDC to window coordinates with depth in [0, 1].

void mat4_viewport_depth_ptr(matrix4* res, vm_float_t x, vm_float_t y, vm_float_t width, vm_float_t height, vm_float_t n, vm_float_t f)

Viewport matrix from origin, size, and depth range [n, f].

Parameters
res	Output 4×4 matrix.
x	Viewport origin x.
y	Viewport origin y.
width	Viewport width.
height	Viewport height.
n	Near depth.
f	Far depth.

Maps NDC to window coordinates with depth in [n, f].

void mat4_perspective_ptr(matrix4* res, vm_float_t fov, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far)

Creates a perspective projection matrix.

Parameters
res	Pointer to the matrix4 to store the perspective projection matrix.
fov	Field of view in radians.
aspect	Aspect ratio of the viewport (width divided by height).
near	Distance to the near clipping plane.
far	Distance to the far clipping plane.

This function computes a right-handed perspective projection matrix based on the given field of view, aspect ratio, and near and far clipping planes. The matrix is stored in the provided result pointer.

void mat4_perspective_fov_ptr(matrix4* res, vm_float_t fov, vm_float_t w, vm_float_t h, vm_float_t n, vm_float_t f)

Sets the matrix to a perspective projection matrix.

Parameters
res	Pointer to the matrix4 to set to the perspective projection matrix.
fov	Field of view angle in radians.
w	Viewport width.
h	Viewport height.
n	Near clipping plane distance.
f	Far clipping plane distance.

This function constructs a right-handed perspective projection matrix using the specified field of view, viewport width and height, near clipping plane, and far clipping plane.

void mat4_perspective_infinite_ptr(matrix4* res, vm_float_t fov_y, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t n)

Sets the matrix to an infinite perspective projection matrix.

Parameters
res	Pointer to the matrix4 to set to the infinite perspective projection.
fov_y	Vertical field of view in radians.
aspect	Aspect ratio of the viewport (width / height).
n	Distance to the near clipping plane.

This function constructs a perspective projection matrix with an infinite far plane, which is useful for rendering scenes where depth precision is less critical beyond the near plane. The matrix is set such that the field of view and aspect ratio are applied, with the near plane at distance n.

void mat4_perspective_infinite_clip_ptr(matrix4* res, vm_float_t fov_y, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t n, vm_clip_t clip)

Infinite perspective matrix for a chosen clip convention.

Parameters
res	Output 4×4 matrix.
fov_y	Vertical field of view in radians.
aspect	Aspect ratio (width / height).
n	Near plane distance.
clip	Clip space convention (handedness and ZO/NO depth).

No far plane. fov_y is in radians.

void mat4_infinite_reverse_z_ptr(matrix4* res, vm_float_t fov_y, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t n)

Infinite reverse-Z perspective matrix (RH, [0, 1] depth).

Parameters
res	Output 4×4 matrix.
fov_y	Vertical field of view in radians.
aspect	Aspect ratio (width / height).
n	Near plane distance.

void mat4_infinite_reverse_z_clip_ptr(matrix4* res, vm_float_t fov_y, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t n, vm_clip_t clip)

Infinite reverse-Z perspective matrix for a chosen clip convention.

Parameters
res	Output 4×4 matrix.
fov_y	Vertical field of view in radians.
aspect	Aspect ratio (width / height).
n	Near plane distance.
clip	Clip space convention (handedness and ZO/NO depth).

No far plane; depth is reversed for better precision. fov_y is in radians.

void mat4_perspective_clip_ptr(matrix4* res, vm_float_t fov_y, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far, vm_clip_t clip)

Constructs a perspective projection matrix with configurable clip space.

Parameters
res	Pointer to the matrix4 to receive the computed projection matrix.
fov_y	Vertical field of view in radians.
aspect	Aspect ratio (width / height).
near	Distance to the near clipping plane.
far	Distance to the far clipping plane.
clip	Clip space convention to use (VM_CLIP_RH_NO, VM_CLIP_RH_ZO, VM_CLIP_LH_ZO or VM_CLIP_LH_NO).

Computes a 4x4 perspective projection matrix based on vertical field of view, aspect ratio, near and far planes, and the desired clip space convention.

void mat4_perspective_deg_ptr(matrix4* res, vm_float_t fov_deg, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far)

Sets the matrix to a perspective projection matrix using field of view in degrees.

Parameters
res	Pointer to the matrix4 to receive the perspective projection.
fov_deg	Vertical field of view angle in degrees.
aspect	Aspect ratio (width / height).
near	Distance to the near clipping plane.
far	Distance to the far clipping plane.

void mat4_perspective_fov_deg_ptr(matrix4* res, vm_float_t fov_deg, vm_float_t w, vm_float_t h, vm_float_t n, vm_float_t f)

Sets the matrix to a perspective projection matrix using vertical field of view in degrees.

Parameters
res	Pointer to the matrix4 to be set.
fov_deg	Vertical field of view angle in degrees.
w	Width of the viewport.
h	Height of the viewport.
n	Distance to the near clipping plane.
f	Distance to the far clipping plane.

void mat4_perspective_infinite_deg_ptr(matrix4* res, vm_float_t fov_y_deg, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t n)

Sets the matrix to an infinite perspective projection matrix using vertical field of view in degrees.

Parameters
res	Pointer to the matrix4 to store the resulting projection matrix.
fov_y_deg	Vertical field of view angle in degrees.
aspect	Aspect ratio (width / height).
n	Near clipping plane distance.

void mat4_perspective_infinite_clip_deg_ptr(matrix4* res, vm_float_t fov_y_deg, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t n, vm_clip_t clip)

Infinite perspective matrix from FOV in degrees and clip space.

Parameters
res	Output 4×4 matrix.
fov_y_deg	Vertical field of view in degrees.
aspect	Aspect ratio (width / height).
n	Near plane distance.
clip	Clip space convention (handedness and ZO/NO depth).

void mat4_infinite_reverse_z_deg_ptr(matrix4* res, vm_float_t fov_y_deg, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t n)

Infinite reverse-Z perspective matrix from a vertical FOV in degrees.

Parameters
res	Output 4×4 matrix.
fov_y_deg	Vertical field of view in degrees.
aspect	Aspect ratio (width / height).
n	Near plane distance.

void mat4_infinite_reverse_z_clip_deg_ptr(matrix4* res, vm_float_t fov_y_deg, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t n, vm_clip_t clip)

Infinite reverse-Z perspective matrix from FOV in degrees and clip space.

Parameters
res	Output 4×4 matrix.
fov_y_deg	Vertical field of view in degrees.
aspect	Aspect ratio (width / height).
n	Near plane distance.
clip	Clip space convention (handedness and ZO/NO depth).

void mat4_perspective_clip_deg_ptr(matrix4* res, vm_float_t fov_y_deg, vm_float_t aspect, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far, vm_clip_t clip)

Sets a perspective projection matrix using vertical field of view in degrees.

Parameters
res	Pointer to the matrix4 that will receive the computed projection matrix.
fov_y_deg	Vertical field of view angle in degrees.
aspect	Aspect ratio (width / height).
near	Distance to the near clipping plane.
far	Distance to the far clipping plane.
clip	Clip space convention to use.

void mat4_ortho_clip_ptr(matrix4* res, vm_float_t left, vm_float_t right, vm_float_t bottom, vm_float_t top, vm_float_t near, vm_float_t far, vm_clip_t clip)

Sets the matrix to an orthographic projection matrix.

Parameters
res	Pointer to the matrix4 to store the result.
left	Left clipping plane.
right	Right clipping plane.
bottom	Bottom clipping plane.
top	Top clipping plane.
near	Near clipping plane.
far	Far clipping plane.
clip	Clip space convention to use (one of the VM_CLIP_* values).

Constructs a 4x4 orthographic projection matrix based on the provided frustum bounds and the selected clip space convention.

void mat4_look_at_clip_ptr(matrix4* res, const vector3* position, const vector3* target, const vector3* up, vm_clip_t clip)

Constructs a look-at view matrix with support for different clip space conventions.

Parameters
res	Pointer to the matrix4 that will receive the computed view matrix.
position	Camera position in world space.
target	Target point in world space the camera is looking at.
up	World up direction vector.
clip	Clip space convention that determines handedness and depth range.

Computes a 4x4 view matrix that positions the camera at position looking towards target, with up defining the world up direction. The resulting matrix is affected by the selected clip space handedness and depth range via the clip parameter.

For right-handed clip conventions the function delegates to mat4_look_at_ptr. For left-handed conventions a dedicated basis is constructed where the camera forward direction points along positive Z.

void vec3_world_to_window_ptr(vector3* res, const vector3* world, const matrix4* model, const matrix4* projection, const vector4* viewport)

Projects a world-space point to window coordinates (OpenGL clip).

Parameters
res	Window-space point.
world	World-space position.
model	Model matrix.
projection	Projection matrix.
viewport	Viewport rectangle (x, y, width, height).

void vec3_window_to_world_ptr(vector3* res, const vector3* window, const matrix4* model, const matrix4* projection, const vector4* viewport)

Un-projects a window-space point to world coordinates using model, projection, and viewport.

Parameters
res	Output world-space point.
window	Window-space point (x, y, depth).
model	Model matrix.
projection	Projection matrix.
viewport	Viewport rectangle (x, y, width, height).

Convenience wrapper around vec3_window_to_world_clip_ptr with VM_CLIP_RH_NO (right-handed, [-1, 1] depth).

void vec3_world_to_window_clip_ptr(vector3* res, const vector3* world, const matrix4* model, const matrix4* projection, const vector4* viewport, vm_clip_t clip)

Projects a world-space point into window coordinates using model, projection, viewport, and clip depth range.

Parameters
res	Output window-space point (x, y, depth).
world	World-space position.
model	Model matrix.
projection	Projection matrix.
viewport	Viewport rectangle (x, y, width, height).
clip	Clip depth range (ZO or NO).

Applies MVP, perspective-divides to NDC, then maps x/y into the viewport. Depth (res->z) is stored in the selected clip convention (ZO or NO). If w is near zero, writes (0, 0, 0).

void vec3_window_to_world_clip_ptr(vector3* res, const vector3* window, const matrix4* model, const matrix4* projection, const vector4* viewport, vm_clip_t clip)

Un-projects a window-space point to world coordinates using model, projection, viewport, and clip depth range.

Parameters
res	Output world-space point.
window	Window-space point (x, y, depth).
model	Model matrix.
projection	Projection matrix.
viewport	Viewport rectangle (x, y, width, height).
clip	Clip depth range (ZO or NO).

Maps window x/y into NDC, converts depth with the selected clip convention (ZO or NO), then applies the inverse MVP and perspective-divides. If the viewport size or w is near zero, writes (0, 0, 0).